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Sodium ion Battery vs Lithium ion Battery – Ultimate Comparison Infographic: Energy Density, Lifespan, Cost & Temperature Performance
Release time:
2025-09-12
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Sodium ion Battery vs Lithium ion Battery: Energy, Lifespan, Cost, and Performance All in One Infographic.
Here’s a closer look at how Sodium-ion and Lithium-ion batteries compare.
1.Material Cost
Lithium resources are relatively concentrated, with most lithium mines located in a few regions in South America and Australia. As a result, lithium is not only scarce but also susceptible to political factors, leading to significant price fluctuations. However, sodium can be extracted from seawater and salt mines, and nearly all regions have abundant sodium ion resources, making its cost low and stable.
Another important point is that the extraction of lithium requires high technical standards and may cause environmental issues in the regions where lithium mines are located. In contrast, the extraction of sodium—as you can imagine—involves simply extracting sodium from seawater or salt, a process that is much simpler and less likely to cause environmental issues.
In summary: Lithium is more scarce and harder to extract than sodium, resulting in its higher costs.
2. Energy Density
Lithium batteries have higher energy density. For the same amount of energy, sodium batteries would be heavier and larger than lithium batteries. Therefore, lithium batteries are most suitable for lightweight applications requiring long-lasting power, such as smartphones, laptops, and power tools, which should not be too heavy or bulky. Large-scale energy storage devices usually have no strict volume requirements. Although sodium-ion batteries have lower energy density, the cost of using sodium batteries is lower, so they have advantages in large-scale energy storage.
In summary: Lithium batteries are suitable for scenarios requiring portability and are less sensitive to price.
3.Charging Speed
Sodium batteries are better suited for fast charging. This is because they generate less heat. Lithium batteries tend to overheat during fast charging, and frequent overheating can cause them to age. Generally, sodium batteries have a charging speed of approximately 3C, while lithium batteries have a charging speed of approximately 2C (C represents the speed at which a battery charges or discharges).
In summary: Sodium batteries can charge faster.
4. Temperature Sensitivity
Sodium batteries have larger crystal lattice structures, which reduces resistance to ion movement and prevents ion blockage during crystallization at low temperatures. Lithium batteries undergo structural changes in their crystal lattices at low temperatures, which hinders charge transfer. Severe crystallization can significantly reduce battery capacity. At -40°C, sodium batteries can still hold over 85% of their capacity. Lithium ones, by comparison, drop to 60% at just -20°C.
In summary: Sodium batteries hold up better in cold weather.
5.Safety Performance
Sodium batteries have a lower probability of disastrous accidents due to the thermal stability of their internal materials. The safety performance of sodium batteries and lithium batteries is influenced by a variety of complex factors. For more details, you can read this detailed article on the safety of lithium batteries and sodium batteries.
In summary: Lithium batteries have a higher probability of thermal runaway and pose greater risks.
6. Cycle Life
Lithium ions are smaller in size and have a lesser impact on the crystal lattice structure during charging. Sodium ions are larger in size and exert a greater impact on the crystal lattice. In cycle testing, lithium batteries can achieve 10,000 cycles, while sodium batteries reach approximately 8,000 cycles. Both can meet the requirements of most application scenarios. In practical applications, battery lifespan is more influenced by usage conditions and maintenance.
In summary: Both lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries perform well in this aspect, with lithium-ion batteries having a slightly longer cycle life than sodium-ion batteries.
7. Application
Sodium batteries: Grid energy storage, backup power, starting batteries in Cold Regions…
Lithium batteries: Electric bicycles, portable devices, high-end consumer electronics…
The choice between the two primarily depends on your requirements for energy density, cost, operating temperature, and safety standards.
In summary: If you need batteries for large-scale energy storage or use in cold environments, sodium batteries are the best choice. If your application requires lightweight design and high energy density, lithium batteries still hold the advantage.
Everything depends on your needs and budget. Lithium batteries and sodium batteries each have their own advantages and disadvantages—there is no absolute right or wrong. The key lies in whether you prioritize cost, safety, and low-temperature performance, or place greater emphasis on high energy density and a mature technological ecosystem.
|
Sodium-Ion |
Lithium-Ion |
|
|
Cost |
Low, stable, abundant |
High, volatile, limited |
|
Safety |
More stable, less flammable |
Higher fire/explosion risk |
|
Cold Weather |
Works well at -40°C |
Drops capacity at -20°C |
|
Energy Density |
Lower |
Higher |
|
Charging Speed |
Fast charging (3C) |
Slower (2C) |
|
Cycle Life |
~8,000 cycles |
Up to 10,000 cycles |
|
Best For |
Grid storage, cold regions |
Portable, lightweight devices |
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